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India’s Cotton Acreage Likely to Shrink Further Amid Shift to Alternate Crops

India's Cotton Acreage to Shrink as Farmers Shift CropsIndia’s cotton cultivation area, which fell by 10% during the 2024 kharif season, is expected to contract further in 2025 as farmers increasingly turn to alternative crops like maize and groundnut. With planting already underway in parts of northern and southern India—where the monsoon has arrived early—industry stakeholders hold mixed views on the outlook for the 2025–26 season.“Cotton acreage will decline in central India, which accounts for about 66% of the country’s total cotton area and production,” said Atul S. Ganatra, President of the Cotton Association of India (CAI), speaking to BusinessLine. “However, the north and south may see a marginal increase. Overall, we expect a 7–8% reduction in the country’s total cotton acreage.”According to Ganatra, farmers in Gujarat are likely to switch from cotton to groundnut, while those in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh are moving toward maize. He attributed the trend to poor yields, high input costs, and labour expenses, combined with the availability of more profitable crop alternatives.Bhagirath Chaudhary, Founder Director of the South Asia Biotechnology Centre in Jodhpur, noted that the new cotton season has begun sluggishly, with sowing delayed across northern India. “Delayed canal water release has hit farmer sentiment hard. So far, only 65–70% of sowing has been completed. Crop conditions remain weak due to extreme heat, water scarcity, and recurring sandstorms,” he said.Chaudhary also highlighted a growing disconnect between the central government and cotton-producing states in the north. “There is still no clear roadmap for implementing the much-anticipated Technology Mission on Cotton 2.0. Consequently, cotton acreage in the north looks set to decline for the fifth consecutive year.”On the global front, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) projects India’s cotton production for the 2025–26 season to fall by 2%, down to 24.5 million bales (of 480 pounds each) from 25 million bales in the previous year. The USDA expects India’s total cotton area to remain largely unchanged at around 11.80 million hectares.Domestically, cotton market sentiment remains subdued amid low demand and uncertain global trends. Despite this, some regions are witnessing strong early sowing activity, buoyed by timely rains and improved water availability.“In regions like Adoni, Yemmiganur, Nandyal (Andhra Pradesh), and Bellary (Karnataka), early sowing using borewell and well water is already complete,” said Ramanuj Das Boob, sourcing agent in Raichur and Vice President of the All India Cotton Brokers Association. “Recent rains have boosted crop prospects, and we may see early arrivals from these areas by September.”However, Das Boob noted that weak global demand and sluggish price movements continue to weigh on the market. “Cotton prices are still below the minimum support price, and with steady sowing and ample availability, a significant carryover stock with the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) is likely.”During the 2024–25 season, the CCI procured over 1 crore bales due to subdued market prices. With similar market dynamics expected to persist, another round of intervention by the CCI may be needed in the upcoming cycle.read more :-India retains forecast of above average monsoon rains

"Current Cotton Market Scenario: A Summary Report"

A SUMMARISE REPORT ON PRESENT COTTON SCENARIO (POSITION AS ON 30/04/2025) (Each bale170 kgs.)▪️Total pressing figure during crop year 2024-2025 is estimated as 291.35 lakh bales & upto 30-04-2025 total 268.20 lakh bales have been pressed. Considering above till April-2025 end total availability of cotton may be assesed as 325.89 lakh bales including import of 27.50 lakh bales and Opening stock of 30.19 lakh bales.▪️Cotton consumption in this cotton season may touch 307 lakh bales and upto 30-04-2025 about 185 lakh bales reported as consumed. (SIS)▪️Export upto April 2025 end is found total 10.00 lakh bales against estimation  for this season year of 15.50 lakh bales.▪️It is revealed that till April 2025 end total 27.50 lakh bales imported towards estimation of 33.00 lakh bales in 2024-25 cotton crop year.(SIS)▪️Kepping data of all activites , total available stock as on 30-04-2025 is calculated to the tune of 130.89 lakh bales, consisting of opening stock total pressing and import.Out of above quantum about 35.00 lakh bales lying with Textile mills whereas remaining 95.89 lakh bales with institutional suppliers MNCS, TRADER, GINNER and EXPORTERS etc. (SIS)▪️Summing up above all , it will be derived that till end of the cotton season (2024-25) total cotton supply is to the tune of total 354.54 lakh bales , consisting of opening stock of 30.19 lakh bales, pressing of 291.35 lakh bales and import at 33.00 lakh bales.▪️At the end of cotton season as on 30-09-2025 , closing stock comes to the tune of 32.54 lakh as against of 30.19 lakh bales of last year 2023-24 season as on 30-09-2024.read more :-Indian Rupee lower 18 Paisa, Ends at 85.33 per Dollar

Punjab Sees Modest Cotton Acreage Rebound

After decline, cotton acreage in Punjab witnesses marginal uptick.Cotton sowing target was 1.29 lakh hectares for the season, but only 1.06 lakh hectares have been sownPunjab has achieved 78% of its cotton sowing target for the 2025-26 season, with a total of 1.06 lakh hectares of land sown with the cash crop.While this is a slight improvement over the 96,000 hectares sown last year, agriculture experts are expressing concerns over the slow pace of diversification in the state’s cropping patterns.The state’s cotton sowing target for the season was set at 1.29 lakh hectares. Despite the progress, experts argue that a marginal increase in acreage is not sufficient to address the pressing issue of agricultural diversification, especially for the Kharif crop season. This season’s limited expansion in cotton acreage poses a significant challenge for Punjab’s agricultural future, particularly in conserving groundwater resources.Punjab has long been known for its extensive cotton cultivation in its semi-arid districts such as Fazilka, Bathinda, Mansa and Muktsar. These regions together contribute to 98% of the state’s total cotton production. However, agriculture experts fear that the relatively small increase in cotton sowing could push farmers to focus more on water-intensive crops like rice, especially in areas with low water availability.Officials from the agriculture department said that the last recommended date for cotton sowing was May 15, but sowing continues for another two weeks. Despite concerns over weather patterns, including lower temperatures and rainfall during the sowing phase in April and May, the situation has improved, and cotton growers are now optimistic about the season’s prospects.Charanjeet Singh, deputy director (cotton) of the state agriculture department, said, “Fazilka, the leading cotton-producing district, has already seen 56,000 hectares planted, followed by Mansa at 26,000 hectares. Bathinda and Muktsar have sown 15,500 and 8,500 hectares, respectively.”n recent years, pest attacks, particularly from whitefly and pink bollworm, have severely impacted cotton production in Punjab. The area under cotton cultivation shrank drastically between 2011-2016, with the state seeing over 3 lakh hectares of cotton land reduced to less than 1.5 lakh hectares in subsequent seasons.“This year, the state is better prepared for pest management, with an inter-state consultative committee monitoring cotton fields to curb pest attacks. We are taking measures to control the pests this season as they have been a major concern in the past. The department has put in place strategies to tackle this issue and we are hopeful of a better yield. We are confident of achieving the target area of 1.29 lakh hectares,” Singh said.While the state has faced setbacks, farmers are beginning to return to cotton cultivation, recognising its benefits for soil health.“Contrary to the speculations that farmers are losing interest in cotton due to unfriendly seasons in the last three consecutive seasons, an improvement in acreage shows cotton growers are confident of the state government’s initiative to boost cultivation of the cash crop. Climatic conditions are conducive for sowing, and we are confident of achieving the target area of 1.29 lakh hectares,” Singh said.In Mansa, some farmers who shifted to rice last year are now turning back to cotton due to the crop’s positive impact on soil fertility.“The state government has also been offering support through subsidies, including a 33% discount on cotton seeds, to encourage cotton cultivation. Our field teams have been actively engaging with farmers to introduce them to government initiatives that can help revive cotton farming. With timely canal water supply and seed subsidies, cotton is being seen as a viable option again,” said Harpreet Pal Kaur, chief agriculture officer, Mansa.In 2011-12, cotton was cultivated on 5.16 lakh hectares in Punjab, the highest in the past 13 years.read more :-Indian rupee opens 15 paise higher at 85.06 against US dollar

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